The capture and death of Atahualpa in 1533 marked the beginning of the end of the Inca Empire.
A lot has been studied and written about this historic event. How could around 160 Spaniards defeat the powerful Inca contingent of 50 thousand men?
Chronicles suggest that, at first, the Inca emperor was confident in his power. He disregarded the European contingent, which, dressed in tattered clothing, didn't seem like a threat.
Francisco Pizarro, on the other hand, planned the encounter with Atahualpa very carefully in the city of Cajamarca on November 16, 1532. He strategically positioned his troops with weapons at key points in the main square.
Atahualpa entered the square almost at dusk (the Incas didn't usually fight at night). He was accompanied by a small army of only 3 thousand men (the bulk of his army stayed outside the city).
Fearing the Spaniards, the Inca refused to accept the new Catholic religion and King Charles I as the rightful sovereign. The friar Vicente de Valverde, aided by an interpreter, continued to confuse the Inca, who eventually threw the breviary (book) with fury, which, in turn, angered the Spaniards.


Then, at Pizarro's signal, the Spaniards opened fire from different strategic points and towers around the square. The macre lasted only 30 minutes. It is estimated that between 4 to 5 thousand indigenous people died, and another seven thousand were wounded, causing great confusion in their retreat. Only one black slave serving the Spaniards died.


Emperor Atahualpa offered no resistance during his capture. This historic event, the capture of the great Inca sovereign, the son of the sun, caused desperation in the Inca army, which fled in confusion about the recent events.

This moral blow to the Inca government, amidst a civil war, led to a state of disorder that culminated in the ination of Atahualpa on July 26, 1533. Not even the seven tons of gold could prevent Pizarro from ordering the Inca's death. He knew that with Atahualpa's death and the ensuing disarray, the entry into Cusco would be easier.


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